Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

What does polystyrene powder do? POLYSTYRENE (Kayexalate(R)) treats a condition called hyperkalemia, in which there is too much potassium in the body (blood). Polystyrene is an ion-exchange resin that loses sodium ions, that are replaced by potassium ions. Polystyrene powder can be made into an oral suspension (to be taken by mouth) or into an enema (for rectal use). Generic polystyrene powder is available.

What should my health care professional know before I take polystyrene? They need to know if you have any of these conditions:

low levels of calcium or potassium in the blood

        •  restricted sodium diet

        •  an unusual or allergic reaction to polystyrene, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives

        •  pregnant or trying to get pregnant

        •  breast-feeding

How should I take this medicine? Polystyrene powder is not usually for self-administration. It may be given in a hospital or clinic setting. For oral (by mouth) use, polystyrene powder is mixed with a small quantity of water. The amount of water depends on the dose given and can range from 20 to 100 ml (about half an ounce to three ounces). The suspension must be freshly prepared and should not be stored for more than 24 hours. Alternatively a suspension of polystyrene can be given as an enema (into the rectum). Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take your medicine as directed. Do not take more often than directed.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

What if I miss a dose? If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

What other medicines can interact with polystyrene?

        •  antacids

        •  calcium salts

        •  heart medicine

        •  insulin

        •  sodium bicarbonate

        •  water pills

Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.

What side effects may I notice from taking polystyrene?

Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:

        •  depression. irritability

        •  difficulty breathing, shortness of breath

        •  increased thirst

        •  irregular heartbeat, or chest pain

        •  muscle spasms

        •  passing large amounts of urine

        •  rectal or lower stomach pain

        •  unusual swelling

        •  unusual weakness

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

        •  constipation or diarrhea

        •  loss of appetite

        •  nausea, vomiting

What do I need to watch for while I take polystyrene?

Polystyrene can affect the balance of many salts and water in your body, and these can affect normal working of the heart. Patients receiving polystyrene should be carefully monitored for changes in salt levels in the blood and for heart problems.

Elderly patients are more susceptible to the effects of constipation induced by polystyrene. Do not treat constipation yourself; call your prescriber or health care professional for advice.

Patients on sodium-restricted diets should take polystyrene with caution. You will also need to follow a low-potassium diet to prevent additional problems. Discuss dietary recommendations with your prescriber or health care professional, and follow these carefully.

Where can I keep my medicine? Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the dry powder at room temperature, approximately 25 degreesC (77 degreesF). After mixing the suspension, use within 24 hours. Throw away any unused suspension. Throw away unused powder after the expiration date.

NOTE: This information is not intended to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions, or adverse effects for this drug. If you have questions about the drug(s) you are taking, check with your health care professional.